Introduction to SQL
This course is designed to give users an understanding of SQL Language. The course covers SQL commands for DML, DDL, Query, and Transaction Control operations.
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Prerequisites:
There are no prerequisites for this course.
Target Audience:
This course is suitable for application designers and developers, database administrators and operators, and end users should attend this course.
Course Objectives:
Upon completing this course, students will be able to:
- Explain the difference between SQL, DML, and DDL statements
- Write basic SQL queries to retrieve desired data
- Use DML statements (insert, update, and delete)
- Use DDL statements (create, alter, and drop)
- Use transaction control statements to commit and rollback
- Write advanced queries
- Write scripts to perform queries and display reports
- Control access to your database objects
Course Outline:
Chapter 1: Database Design
- Database Models
- Beginnings
- Some Introductory Terminology
- Codd's 12 Rules
- Normalization
- First Normal Form
- Higher-Order Normal Forms
Chapter 2: Standard Interfaces
- SQL
- Architecture
- Command Line Interface
- Viewing a Sample Table
Chapter 3: The Sample Database
- The Entity-Relationship Model
- Entity Relationship Diagrams
- The Sample Database
- ER Diagram for Sample Database
- Creating the Sample Data
- Viewing Sample Data Data
- Types of the Sample Data
Chapter 4: Data Definition Language
- Categories of SQL Statements
- Datatypes
- The CREATE Statement
- The DROP Command
- The ALTER Command
- Integrity Constraints
- Entity Integrity Constraints
- Referential Integrity Constraints
- Modifying Table to Use Constraints
- Checking Constraints
- The Data Dictionary
Chapter 5: Data Manipulation Language
- DML Statements
- The SELECT Statement
- The INSERT Statement
- The DELETE Statement
- The UPDATE Statement
Chapter 6: Transaction Control
- Transactions
- Command Classification
Chapter 7: SQL Operators
- Simple Selects
- Comparison Operators
- IN and NOT IN Operators
- BETWEEN Operator
- The LIKE Operator
- Logical Operators
- IS NULL and IS NOT NULL
- ANY
- ALL
Chapter 8: SQL Functions
- Introduction
- The DISTINCT Keyword
- Aliases
- Miscellaneous Functions
- Mathematical Functions
- String Functions
- Date Functions
- Conversion Functions
- Pseudo Columns
Chapter 9: Joining Tables
- Joins
- Cartesian Product
- Inner joins
- Equi-Join
- Table Aliases
- Non-Equi Join
- Non-Key Join
- Reflexive Join
- Natural Join
- Outer Joins
- Right Outer Join
- Left Outer Join
- Full Outer Join
- Syntax for Outer Joins
Chapter 10: Set Operators
- Introduction
- Selection Criteria
- Union
- Union All
- Intersect
- Minus
Chapter 11: SQL Subqueries
- Introduction
- Using a Subquery with a DML Statement
- Typical Subqueries
- Subquery Operators
- Standard vs. Correlated Subqueries
- Correlated Subquery
- Example Predicate Operators
Chapter 12: Groups
- SQL Statements
- GROUP BY Clause
- HAVING Clause
- Order of a SELECT Statement
Chapter 13: More Database Objects
- More Database Objects
- Relational Views
- Updating a View
- Create or Replace
- Forcing a View
- The Data Dictionary Revisited
- Indexes
- Synonyms